Ancient people hunted extinct elephants at Tagua Tagua Lake in Chile 12,000 years ago

 

Multiple temporary campsites reveal recurring visits by early hunter-gatherers

Peer-Reviewed Publication

PLOS

 

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PHOTOGRAPHS FROM TT-3. A. COMBUSTION FEATURE SPATIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH GOMPHOTHERE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AND SKULL FRAGMENTS (EXCAVATION UNIT C5); B. SACRAL AND CAUDAL VERTEBRAE, VERTEBRAL DISCS, AND UNFUSED COXAL PORTIONS (EXCAVATION UNIT F5). NOTE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE FIRST SACRAL VERTEBRA AND ITS VERTEBRAL DISC; C. END SCRAPER (TT3-U1-N18) IN SITU (EXCAVATION UNIT 1); D. CORE DEBITAGE (TT3-G5-N18-12) IN SITU SPATIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH GOMPHOTHERE REMAINS (EXCAVATION UNIT G5).

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CREDIT: LABARCA ET AL., 2024, PLOS ONE, CC-BY 4.0 (HTTPS://CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY/4.0/)

Thousands of years ago, early hunter-gatherers returned regularly to Tagua Tagua Lake in Chile to hunt ancient elephants and take advantage of other local resources, according to a study published May 22, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Rafael Labarca of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and colleagues.

Multiple archaeological sites are known from the region of Tagua Tagua Lake in central Chile, representing some of the earliest known human settlements in the Americas. In this study, Labarca and colleagues report the recent discovery of a new site called Taguatagua 3, an ancient hunter-gatherer camp dating to the Late Pleistocene, between 12,440-12,550 years old.

Notably, this site features the fossil remains of a gomphothere, an extinct relative of elephants. Signs of butchery on the bones, along with stone tools and other evidence, indicate that Taguatagua 3 represents a temporary camp established around the task of processing the large carcass. Other activities were also carried out during the camp’s brief period of use, including processing of other foods as indicated by additional charred remains of plants and small animals such as frogs and birds. Fossil cactus seeds and bird eggshell suggest that this camp was occupied specifically during the dry season.

Numerous such sites of similar age are now known from this region, implying that Tagua Tagua Lake was a recurring hunting and scavenging ground for people during the Late Pleistocene due to abundant and predictable local resources. The authors suggest that this area was a key location along the routes taken by mobile communities of the time and that temporary camps might have hosted regular meetings between these mobile bands. Further investigation of this rich archaeological region will continue to provide insights into the mobility and subsistence strategies of early humans in South America.

The authors add: “Taguatagua 3 helps us to understand better how the early humans adapted to fast changing environments in central Chile during the late Pleistocene times.”

The freely available article in PLOS ONE: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0302465